From Atoms to Materials

Experiment skill When transferring crude oil, you should use a dropper instead of pouring, so that less crude oil splashes onto the wall of the boiling tube. Caution If the heating is too fast, some liquid may suddenly flow out of the delivery tube. Experiment skill To prevent overheating, DONOT heat the same point for too long. Move the flame to and fro. If the temperature approaches 80 °C too quickly, remove the Bunsen flame for a short while. Materials and ap p a r a t u s Caution •  Do this experiment in the fume cupboard. Wear safety goggles. Wear protective gloves. •  Crude oil may cause cancer. Wash your hands thoroughly after use. Crude oil and its fractions are flammable. They should be placed far away from any flame. Using a dropper, add 7–8 cm 3 of crude oil into a boiling tube. Add enough mineral wool to soak up the crude oil. 1 Set up the apparatus as shown. 2 Heat the boiling tube gently with a small Bunsen flame. Keep the crude oil boiling just below 80 °C. 3 crude oil 7–8 cm 3 flammable mineral wool some ice cubes some beaker (250 cm 3 ) 1 boiling tube 1 test tubes 4 test tube rack 1 dropper 1 stoppers 4 stopper with holes 1 labels 4 delivery tube 1 stand and clamp 1 set Bunsen burner 1 heatproof mat 1 gas lighter 1 thermometer (0 °C–360 °C) 1 Experiment i 13.6 Fractional distillation of crude oil (Demo) Video Fractional distillation of crude oil Steps collected fraction cold water mineral wool soaked in crude oil boiling tube ice delivery tube thermometer test tube 84 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Limited 2024 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Sample