From Atoms to Materials

Group VIII is also called Group 0. Besides the eight main groups, there are groups of elements between Group II and Group III. These elements are called transition elements*. We shall not discuss them in detail at this stage. Snapshot Another naming system There is another way of naming the groups in the Periodic Table. Groups are named 1 to 18 from left to right, including the transition elements. See the Periodic Table in the Appendix for details. • In the modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers. • In the Periodic Table, each horizontal row is called a period, and each vertical column is called a group. period 週期 group 族 main group 主族 transition element 過渡元素 Period 1 2 3 Some scientists think that hydrogen does not belong to any group. Periods and groups in the Periodic Table In the modern Periodic Table, each horizontal row of elements is called a period . There are seven periods in total, numbered from 1 to 7. The elements in Periods 1, 2 and 3 are shown below. Fig. 13.15 Elements in Periods 1, 2 and 3 Each vertical column of elements is called a group . There are eight main groups*, numbered from I to VIII. Fig. 13.16 shows some elements in some groups. Group I Group II Group VII Group VIII Fig. 13.16 Some elements in some groups B 32 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Limited 2024 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Sample