From Atoms to Materials

Development of the Periodic Table A John Newlands ( 紐蘭茲 ) arranged elements into groups of seven, according to increasing atomic mass. He noticed that the first elements in all groups were similar in properties, the second elements in all groups were similar in properties, and so on. Johann Döbereiner ( 德貝萊納 ) put 36 elements into groups of three, according to their properties. Elements in the same groups have similar properties. John Newlands Johann Döbereiner Dmitri Mendeleev Examples of Newlands’ ‘groups of seven’ Examples of Döbereiner’s ‘groups of three’ Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass. Elements with similar chemical properties were put in the same column. 1829 1865 1869 Periodic Table 週期表 Table 13.7 An early version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. (Each column is called a ‘group’. The elements of each ‘group’ show similar properties.) In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev ( 門捷 列夫 ) arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass in a table. He found an interesting pattern: the properties of elements tend to repeat periodically. Mendeleev thus called his table the Periodic Table . Although Mendeleev ’s Periodic Table was a major breakthrough, his Table had some weaknesses. Over the years, after many revisions by many scientists, the modern Periodic Table was built. Groups of three Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Groups of seven Group I II III IV V VI VII VIII H Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Cu Ca Zn ? ? Ti ? V As Cr Se Mn Br Fe Co Ni Rb Ag Sr Cd Y In Zr Sn Nb Sb Mo Te ? I Ru Rh Pd Ce Au Ba Hg La Ti ? Pb Ta Bi W ? ? ? Os Ir Pt More to Read History of the Periodic Table 30 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Limited 2024 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Sample